Bibliography: orchard guides, research and downloads

 Information and practical guides

Pruning

• Why we prune fruit trees – a guide
• How and when – an introduction to pruning
• Winter pruning – a guide
• Restoration pruning – a guide
• Summer pruning fruit trees – a guide
• Formative pruning – a guide

Grafting

• Grafting introduction – a guide
• Whip and Tongue – a guide
• Scion Selection – a guide
• Bud grafting – a guide
• Framework grafting – a guide

Orchard tasks and management

• Orchard year-planner chart
• Planting fruit trees – a guide
• Orchard floor management – a guide
• Mapping your orchard – a guide

Orchard fruit

• Fruit heritage – a guide
• Fruit harvest – a guide

Orchard health, pests and disease

• Fruit tree health – a guide
• Orchard pests and pest control – a guide
• Orchard diseases – a guide

Orchard wildlife

• The orchard habitat
• Orchard wildlife tips

Protecting orchards

• Protecting orchards – a guide

Research and publications

+ General

• Orchards in the National Trust: An Overview of their History, Economics, Wildlife & People Paper prepared for the Sheffield Conference
• Traditional Orchard Project in England: The creation of an inventory to support the UK Habitat Action Plan  The People’s Trust for Endangered Species, supported by Natural England, has created a provisional inventory of traditional orchards throughout England.
• Traditional Orchard Habitat Inventory of Wales The People’s Trust for Endangered Species was commissioned by Countryside Council for Wales to produce a comprehensive inventory and geographical map of the traditional orchard priority habitat in Wales. This report documents that process, and presents and discusses the results.

+ Fruit ID books

Many old books can be fully searched, read and browsed on Google Books or the Biodiversity Library

Author	Title	Published
James Evans and Mary Martin	Tamar Valley Cherries	2021
Joan Morgan	The Book of Pears: The Definitive History and Guide to Over 500 Varieties	2015
Michael Clark	Apples – A Field Guide	2015 Revised edition
James Evans and Mary Martin	A Cornish Pomona: A selection of West Country apple varieties	2015
Charles Martell	Native Apples of Gloucestershire	2014
Michael Hennerty	The Heritage Apples of Ireland	2014
Tom Burford	Apples of North America	2013
Charles Martell	Pears of Gloucestershire and Perry Pears of the Three Counties	2013
Liz Copas	Cider Apples – The New Pomona	2013
Daiv Sizer	A Guide to Damsons	2013
Andrew Mikolajski	The Illustrated World Encyclopedia of Apples	2012
Creighton Lee Calhoun	Old Southern Apples	2010
East Malling Research for Defra	Fingerprinting the National Apple and Pear Collections Project Code GC0140 –  Final Report	2010
Michael Porter	Welsh Marches Pomona	2010
Rosie Sanders	The Apple Book	2010
Simon Clark	Apple Identification using the method developed by Marlaud (2004)	2009 3rd Ed
Hawthorne, Laver & Gillespie et al.	The Northern Pomona	2007
Joan Morgan & Alison Richards	The New Book of Apples	2002
Martin Crawford	Directory of Apple Cultivars	2001 2nd Ed
Jim Arbury and Sally Pinhey	Pears	1997
John Bultitude	Apples – A Guide to the Identification of International Varieties	1983
Muriel Smith	A Catalogue of the Plums at the National Fruit Trials	1978
Muriel Smith	National Apple Register of the United Kingdom	1971
Ray Williams and Robin Child	Identification of Cider Apples	1965
H.V. Taylor	Plums of England	1949
H.V. Taylor	Apples of England	1948 3rd Edition (Rev)
U. P. Hedrick	The Pears of New York	1921
Edward A Bunyard	A Handbook of Hardy Fruits – Apples and Pears	1920
U. P. Hedrick	The Cherries of New York	1915
U. P. Hedrick	The Plums of New York	1911
S. A. Beach	Apples of New York	1905
Bull, Hogg, and Bulmer AE Ellis and  EE Bull et al.	The Herefordshire Pomona and on CD Marcher Apple Network	1885 (CD:1987)
Robert Hogg	The Fruit Manual	1884 5th Edition 2002 reprint
John Scott	Scott’s Orchardist	1878 Second Edition
André Leroy	Dictionaire de Pomologie (pears)	1867
George Lindley	A Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen Garden	1831
Hugh Ronalds	Pyrus malus Brentfordiensis	1831
William Hooker	Pomona Londinensis	1818

+ Orchard books

• Many old books can be fully searched, read and browsed on Google Books or the

Biodiversity Library

Author	Title	Published
Chloe Ward	How to Prune an Apple Tree: A guide for real people with imperfect trees	2014
Jane McMorland-Hunter	Quinces: Growing and Cooking	2014
Brian Short	Apples & Orchards in Sussex	2012
Angela King and Sue Clifford	Community Orchards Handbook	2008
Ida Fabrizio	Protecting Our Orchard Heritage	2008
Angela King and Sue Clifford	The Apple Source Book: Particular uses for diverse apples	2007
Common Ground	The Common Ground Book of Orchards	2000
Pub. Geerings of Ashford	The Brogdale Apple and Pear Recipe Book	1996
H. Frederick Janson	Pomona’s Harvest	1996
Ill. Geraldine Bracey. Pub. Common Ground	Apple Games and Customs	1996
Janet Hazen	Pears: A Country Garden Cookbook	1994
C.R.Thompson	The Pruning of Apples and Pears by Renewal MethodsTITLE	1949
R.J. Garner	The Grafter’s Handbook	1947
Raymond Bush	Tree Fruit Growing	1946
Thomas Baffett	The Compleat Planter and Cyderist	1690

+ Evaluating orchards

• Economic, biodiversity, resource protection and social values of orchards: A study of six orchards by the Herefordshire Orchards Community Evaluation Project Natural England publication on the benefits of orchards over and above the fruit they supply
• Windfall: putting a value on the social and environmental importance of orchards Based on research conducted by Dave Marshall of the Bulmer Foundation for Forum For The Future
• An estimate of carbon storage in orchards in Herefordshire Research by Bangor University

+ Biodiversity (General) 

• Biodiversity Studies of Six Tradition Orchards in England The results of research commisioned by English Nature (now Natural England)
• Woodpeckers ID guide – survey form from Herefordshire Biodiversity Partnership which contains a useful ID guide to woodpeckers.

+ Plants

• Mistletoe; a brief overview of it’s status with recent oberservations on its insect associations and conservation problem A paper by Jonathan Briggs
• Lichen ecology in traditional orchards Article in the Hertfordshire Naturalist

+ Invertebrates

•  Noble Chafer Survey Carried out by the People’s Trust for Endangered Species as part of the National Trust’s Conserving & restoring Traditional Orchards, England Project.
• Mollusca & Diatom Survey of Five Orchards in Norfolk Part of the Norfolk County Council’s Biodiversity Programme, which is linked to the East of England Apples & Orchards Project
• Survey for the Mistletoe Marble Celypha woodiana  by Mark Parsons (Butterfly Conservation) and James mcGill
•  An update on the Mistletoe Marble Celypha woodiana – an update Parsons & MsGill (2010) Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var 122
• Colwall Orchards Invertebrate Survey A report for the Colwall Orchard Group (Herefordshire) by Dr Keith Alexander (2009)
• Insect pollination enhances fruit quality andeconomic value Research examining the influence of insect pollination services on yield and quality of fruit. M.P.D. Garratta, T.D. Breezea, N. Jennerb, C. Polcec, J.C. Biesmeijerc,d, S.G. Potts (2014)
• A guide to managing orchards for Bumblebees PDF produced by the Bumblebee Conservation Trust

Cash in the Orchard

The information given here relates to the ‘Cash in the Orchard’ workshops held in Broadclyst, Devon on the 25th & 26th November 2010. The focus of the workshop was to explore the options for making Traditional Orchards sustainable. The day consisted of speaker presentations, case studies, activities and a field visit. The speakers and topics covered were varied, reflecting the many facets of Traditional Orchards and the many ways in which we benefit from them.

The workshop formed part of the Conserving & Restoring Traditional Orchards, England Project – jointly funded by the National Trust and Natural England’s Countdown 2010 Fund.

We are happy for the information to be shared widely, but ask that the relevant authors/organisations are fully acknowledged where appropriate.

+ Agri Environment Schemes

• Orchards and HLS Schemes PDF Presentation (Chris Wedge, Natural England)
• HLS Information – Leaflet (Natural England)

+ Funding

• Fundraising for your Orchard– PDF Presentation (Becky Sejournant, National Trust)

+ Events & Interpretation

• Events and Interpretation in Orchards– PDF Notes for presentation (Eka Morgan, Visitor Engagement Consultant)
• Ideas for Apple Day– PDF Leaflet, Common Ground

+ Orchard Produce

• Orchard Produce– PDF Presentation (Liz & Andrew Woodward, Hilltop Partners)
• Business Planning– PDF Document (Liz & Andrew Woodward, Hilltop Partners)
• Feasibility Study PDF Casestudy of smale scale apple juice prodcution (Liz & Andrew Woodward, Hilltop Partners)